10ÔÂ15ÈÕ£¬£¬btiÌåÓý¸±Ð£³¤ÁÎÒÁÂü²©Ê¿ÂÊÁì¹ú¼Ê½»Á÷ÓëÏàÖúËæ´¦³¤ÍõÎÄÖÒ¡¢¡¢¡¢¸±´¦³¤ÐÜ×ÓçæµÈ¸°ÃÀ¹úÃ×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧ£¨Millersville University£©ÂÃÐлá¼û¡£´Ë´Î»á¼ûÖ¼ÔÚ½øÒ»²½ÉÁ½Ð£º£ÏàÖú£¬£¬ÍØÕ¹ÏàÖú½»Á÷ÁìÓò£¬£¬²¢¾Í¡¶121ÖÐÓÈÎï²Å×÷ÓýÍýÏ롷˫ѧλÏîÄ¿µÄÏêϸʵÑéϸ½Ú¾ÙÐÐÉîÈë¶Ô½Ó¡£

£¨Ë«·½ºÏÓ°£©
btiÌåÓý´ú±íÍÅÓëÃ×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧ½Ìѧ³£Îñ¸±Ð£³¤Gail Gasparich²©Ê¿¼°Íâʸ±Ð£³¤Dan Kulmala²©Ê¿µÈ¾ÙÐÐÁËÕýʽ̸ÅС£Ë«·½Î§ÈÆÑ§Éú¿ªÕ¹¡¢¡¢¡¢Ñ§ÊõÏàÖú¡¢¡¢¡¢Á½Ð£Ñ§ÉúÁªºÏÏÄÁîÓªµÈÒéÌâ¾ÙÐÐÁ˸»ÓÐЧ¹ûµÄ½»Á÷£¬£¬²¢¾ÍδÀ´ÏàÖúÆ«Ïò¸æ¿¢¶àÏʶ¡£
´ú±íÍÅ»¹ÓëÃ×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧÉÌѧԺԺ³¤Marc Tomljanovich²©Ê¿¡¢¡¢¡¢¿ÆÑ§ÊÖÒÕѧԺԺ³¤Marc Harris²©Ê¿»®·Ö¾ÙÐÐרÌâ̸ÅС£Ë«·½Öصã̽ÌÖÁËÔÚ¿µ½¡Ñ§¿Æ¡¢¡¢¡¢´óÊý¾ÝÆÊÎöµÈÇ°ÑØÁìÓòµÄÏàÖú¿ÉÄÜ£¬£¬Ò»ÖÂÒÔΪÁ½Ð£ÔÚÉÏÊöÁìÓò¾ß±¸ÏÔÖøµÄ×ÊÔ´»¥²¹ÐÔÓëÁÉÀ«µÄÏàÖúÔ¶¾°£¬£¬±í´ïÁ˽øÒ»²½ÔöÇ¿ÏàÖúµÄÅäºÏÒâÔ¸¡£

£¨btiÌåÓý´ú±íÍÅÓëÃ×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧ´ú±í̸ÅУ©
»á¼ûÀú³ÌÖУ¬£¬ÁÎÒÁÂü¸±Ð£³¤Ò»ÐÐ̽ÍûÁËÕýÔÚÃ×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧ¾Í¶ÁµÄbtiÌåÓýÊ׽졶121ÖÐÓÈÎï²Å×÷ÓýÍýÏ롷˫ѧλÏîĿѧÉú£¬£¬ÏêϸÏàʶͬÑâÃǵÄѧϰϣÍûÓëÉúÑÄ˳ӦÇéÐΡ£ÁÎÒÁÂü¸±Ð£³¤ÃãÀøÍ¬ÑâÃÇÓÂÓÚÌôÕ½×ÔÎÒ£¬£¬¾¡¿ìÈÚÈëÃÀ¹ú¸ßУÎÄ»¯ÇéÐΣ¬£¬²¢ÌØÊâÇ¿µ÷ÁËÄÜÁ¦×÷Óý¶Ô¸öÈË¿ªÕ¹ÓëÖ°Òµ¿ªÕ¹µÄÖ÷ÒªÒâÒ壬£¬×£Ô¸Í¬ÑâÃÇѧÓÐËù³É¡¢¡¢¡¢Ç°Í¾Ëƽõ¡£

£¨btiÌåÓý´ú±íÍÅÓ뻪ÉÌѧ×ÓºÏÓ°£©
´Ë´Î»á¼ûÀο¿ÁËË«·½µÄ»¥ÐÅ»ù´¡£¬£¬Ò²ÎªÎ´À´ÔÚѧÉúÁªºÏ×÷Óý¡¢¡¢¡¢Ñ§Êõ¿ÆÑÐÐ×÷¡¢¡¢¡¢¹ú¼ÊÊµÏ°ÍØÕ¹µÈ·½ÃæµÄÉîÈëÏàÖúµÓÚ¨Á˼áʵ»ù´¡¡£Ë«·½ÌåÏÖ£¬£¬½«ÒԴ˴ν»Á÷ΪÆõ»ú£¬£¬³ÖÐøÍÆ¶¯ÏàÖú×ßÏò¸üÉîÌõÀí¡¢¡¢¡¢¸ü¹ãÁìÓò¡£
¡¶121ÖÐÓÈÎï²Å×÷ÓýÍýÏ롷˫ѧλÏîÄ¿ÊǽÌÓý²¿ËùÊôÖйú½ÌÓý¹ú¼Ê½»Á÷лᡢ¡¢¡¢Öн̹ú¼Ê½ÌÓý½»Á÷ÖÐÐĺÍÃÀ¹úÖÝÁ¢´óѧÓëѧԺлáÅäºÏÖÎÀíµÄÐÂÐÍÖÐÃÀ¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýË«Ïò½»Á÷ÓëÏàÖúÏîÄ¿¡£¸ÃÏîÄ¿½ÓÄÉËÄÄêÖÆ¡°1+2+1¡±½Ìѧģʽ£¬£¬¼´Ñ§ÉúµÚÒ»ÄêºÍµÚËÄÄêÔÚbtiÌåÓýѧϰ£¬£¬µÚ¶þ¡¢¡¢¡¢ÈýÄêǰÍùÃ×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧÉîÔ졣˳ËìÍê³ÉѧҵÇÒÖª×ãË«·½ÔºÐ£½áÒµ¼°Ñ§Î»ÊÚÓèÒªÇóµÄѧÉú£¬£¬½«»ñµÃbtiÌåÓýµÄ±¾¿Æ½áÒµÖ¤ÊéÒÔ¼°Á½Ð£»®·Ö½ÒÏþµÄѧʿѧλ¡£
Ã×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧʼ½¨ÓÚ1855Ä꣬£¬Î»ÓÚÃÀ¹ú±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇÖÝ£¬£¬ÊÇÒ»Ëù¾ß±¸²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»ÊÚÓèȨµÄ¸ßµÈѧ¸®£¬£¬Á¥ÊôÓÚ±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇÖÝÁ¢¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýϵͳ¡£Ã×ÀÕ˹ά¶û´óѧÒÑ»ñµÃÃÀ¹úÖв¿¸÷ÖݸߵȽÌÓýίԱ»á£¨MSCHE£©µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬£¬¸ÃÈÏÖ¤´ú±íÁËÃÀ¹ú´óѧÈÏÖ¤µÄ×î¸ß±ê×¼¡£
£¨Í¼ÎÄ/¹ú¼Ê½»Á÷ÓëÏàÖú´¦ ÔðÈαà¼/ÁõÓý¾²£©